Weather stations tend to combine data from a GPS / GNSS, IMU and meteorological instruments. They typically output the data as NMEA 0183 sentences.
Example of a weather station (see above) using GPX extensions
n.b. This GPX example does not correspond to the image above.
<trkpt lat="50.5710623" lon="-2.4563484">
<ele>1.90</ele>
<time>2022-04-11T10:16:01Z</time>
<sats>29</sats>
<extensions>
<pvt:ext>
<pvt:cog>157.19</pvt:cog>
<pvt:sog>0.542</pvt:sog>
</pvt:ext>
<imu:ext>
<imu:hdg>275.23</imu:hdg>
<imu:rot>3.98</imu:rot>
<imu:roll>1.25</imu:roll>
<imu:pitch>1.15</imu:pitch>
</imu:ext>
<sea:ext>
<sea:awa>20.15</sea:awa>
<sea:aws>4.23</sea:aws>
</sea:ext>
<met:ext>
<met:atemp>15.37</met:atemp>
<met:wtemp>6.89</met:wtemp>
<met:gwd>20.46</met:gwd>
<met:gws>4.67</met:gws>
<met:baro>1013.89</met:baro>
<met:hum>89.23</met:hum>
</met:ext>
</extensions>
</trkpt>